安装
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# 启动mysql
sudo systemctl start mysql
# 查看mysql 状态
sudo systemctl status mysql
# 查看mysql 配置
vim /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf
# 查看系统中的mysql进程
ps -aux | grep "mysql"
ps -ef | grep mysql
# 杀掉mysql进程 提示 bash: kill: (4385) - Operation not permitted， 因为没有权限，要使用sudo
sudo kill -15
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安全管理
管理用户
- 查看用户
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USE mysql;
SELECT user FROM user;
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- 创建用户 spaceack, 密码为 password123
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CREATE USER spaceack IDENTIFIED BY 'password123';
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- 为用户授予数据库权限
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grant all privileges on `数据库名`.* to '用户名'@'localhost';
flush privileges;
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命令
连接数据库管理系统
mysql -u root -p -h localhost -P 3306
查看所有数据库
SHOW DATABASES;
使用数据库
USE mysql;
查看数据库中的所有表列表
SHOW TABLES;
显示表列
SHOW COLUMNS FROM help_keyword;
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+-----------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| help_keyword_id | int(10) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| name | char(64) | NO | UNI | NULL | |
+-----------------+------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
DESCRIBE help_keyword;
DESC help_keyword;
显示建库语句
SHOW CREATE DATABASE mysql;
显示建表语句
SHOW CREATE TABLE help_keyword;
显示用户安全权限
SHOW GRANTS
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显示服务器状态：
SHOW STATUS;
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|
+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Aborted_clients | 46 |
| Aborted_connects | 1 |
| Aborted_connects_preauth | 0 |
| Access_denied_errors | 0 |
| Acl_column_grants | 0 |
| Acl_database_grants | 1 |
| Acl_function_grants | 0 |
| Acl_procedure_grants | 0 |
| Acl_package_spec_grants | 0 |
| Acl_package_body_grants | 0 |
| Acl_proxy_users | 1 |
| Acl_role_grants | 0 |
| Acl_roles | 0 |
| Acl_table_grants | 2 |
| Acl_users | 4 |
| Aria_pagecache_blocks_not_flushed | 0 |
| Aria_pagecache_blocks_unused | 15634 |
| Aria_pagecache_blocks_used | 16 |
| Aria_pagecache_read_requests | 8513 |
| Aria_pagecache_reads | 671 |
| Aria_pagecache_write_requests | 1306 |
| Aria_pagecache_writes | 1306 |
| Aria_transaction_log_syncs | 1 |
| Binlog_commits | 0 |
| Binlog_group_commits | 0 |
| Binlog_group_commit_trigger_count | 0 |
| Binlog_group_commit_trigger_lock_wait | 0 |
| Binlog_group_commit_trigger_timeout | 0 |
| Binlog_snapshot_file | |
| Binlog_snapshot_position | 0 |
| Binlog_bytes_written | 0 |
| Binlog_cache_disk_use | 0 |
| Binlog_cache_use | 0 |
| Binlog_stmt_cache_disk_use | 0 |
| Binlog_stmt_cache_use | 0 |
| Busy_time | 0.000000 |
| Bytes_received | 1118 |
| Bytes_sent | 28819 |
| Column_compressions | 0 |
| Column_decompressions | 0 |
| Com_admin_commands | 0 |
| Com_alter_db | 0 |
| Com_alter_db_upgrade | 0 |
| Com_alter_event | 0 |
| Com_alter_function | 0 |
| Com_alter_procedure | 0 |
| Com_alter_server | 0 |
| Com_alter_sequence | 0 |
| Com_alter_table | 0 |
| Com_alter_tablespace | 0 |
| Com_alter_user | 0 |
| Com_analyze | 0 |
| Com_assign_to_keycache | 0 |
| Com_backup | 0 |
| Com_backup_lock | 0 |
| Com_begin | 0 |
| Com_binlog | 0 |
| Com_call_procedure | 0 |
| Com_change_db | 1 |
| Com_change_master | 0 |
| Com_check | 0 |
| Com_checksum | 0 |
| Com_commit | 0 |
| Com_compound_sql | 0 |
| Com_create_db | 0 |
| Com_create_event | 0 |
| Com_create_function | 0 |
| Com_create_index | 0 |
| Com_create_package | 0 |
| Com_create_package_body | 0 |
| Com_create_procedure | 0 |
| Com_create_role | 0 |
| Com_create_sequence | 0 |
| Com_create_server | 0 |
| Com_create_table | 0 |
| Com_create_temporary_table | 0 |
| Com_create_trigger | 0 |
| Com_create_udf | 0 |
| Com_create_user | 0 |
| Com_create_view | 0 |
| Com_dealloc_sql | 0 |
| Com_delete | 0 |
| Com_delete_multi | 0 |
| Com_do | 0 |
| Com_drop_db | 0 |
| Com_drop_event | 0 |
| Com_drop_function | 0 |
| Com_drop_index | 0 |
| Com_drop_procedure | 0 |
| Com_drop_package | 0 |
| Com_drop_package_body | 0 |
| Com_drop_role | 0 |
| Com_drop_server | 0 |
| Com_drop_sequence | 0 |
| Com_drop_table | 0 |
| Com_drop_temporary_table | 0 |
| Com_drop_trigger | 0 |
| Com_drop_user | 0 |
| Com_drop_view | 0 |
| Com_empty_query | 0 |
| Com_execute_immediate | 0 |
| Com_execute_sql | 0 |
| Com_flush | 0 |
| Com_get_diagnostics | 0 |
| Com_grant | 0 |
| Com_grant_role | 0 |
| Com_ha_close | 0 |
| Com_ha_open | 0 |
| Com_ha_read | 0 |
| Com_help | 0 |
| Com_insert | 0 |
| Com_insert_select | 0 |
| Com_install_plugin | 0 |
| Com_kill | 0 |
| Com_load | 0 |
| Com_lock_tables | 0 |
| Com_multi | 0 |
| Com_optimize | 0 |
| Com_preload_keys | 0 |
| Com_prepare_sql | 0 |
| Com_purge | 0 |
| Com_purge_before_date | 0 |
| Com_release_savepoint | 0 |
| Com_rename_table | 0 |
| Com_rename_user | 0 |
| Com_repair | 0 |
| Com_replace | 0 |
| Com_replace_select | 0 |
| Com_reset | 0 |
| Com_resignal | 0 |
| Com_revoke | 0 |
| Com_revoke_all | 0 |
| Com_revoke_role | 0 |
| Com_rollback | 0 |
| Com_rollback_to_savepoint | 0 |
| Com_savepoint | 0 |
| Com_select | 2 |
| Com_set_option | 0 |
| Com_show_authors | 0 |
| Com_show_binlog_events | 0 |
| Com_show_binlogs | 0 |
| Com_show_charsets | 0 |
| Com_show_collations | 0 |
| Com_show_contributors | 0 |
| Com_show_create_db | 0 |
| Com_show_create_event | 0 |
| Com_show_create_func | 0 |
| Com_show_create_package | 0 |
| Com_show_create_package_body | 0 |
| Com_show_create_proc | 0 |
| Com_show_create_table | 0 |
| Com_show_create_trigger | 0 |
| Com_show_create_user | 0 |
| Com_show_databases | 1 |
| Com_show_engine_logs | 0 |
| Com_show_engine_mutex | 0 |
| Com_show_engine_status | 0 |
| Com_show_errors | 0 |
| Com_show_events | 0 |
| Com_show_explain | 0 |
| Com_show_fields | 37 |
| Com_show_function_status | 0 |
| Com_show_generic | 0 |
| Com_show_grants | 0 |
| Com_show_keys | 0 |
| Com_show_binlog_status | 0 |
| Com_show_open_tables | 0 |
| Com_show_package_status | 0 |
| Com_show_package_body_status | 0 |
| Com_show_plugins | 0 |
| Com_show_privileges | 0 |
| Com_show_procedure_status | 0 |
| Com_show_processlist | 0 |
| Com_show_profile | 0 |
| Com_show_profiles | 0 |
| Com_show_relaylog_events | 0 |
| Com_show_slave_hosts | 0 |
| Com_show_slave_status | 0 |
| Com_show_status | 1 |
| Com_show_storage_engines | 0 |
| Com_show_table_status | 0 |
| Com_show_tables | 3 |
| Com_show_triggers | 0 |
| Com_show_variables | 0 |
| Com_show_warnings | 0 |
| Com_shutdown | 0 |
| Com_signal | 0 |
| Com_start_all_slaves | 0 |
| Com_start_slave | 0 |
| Com_stmt_close | 0 |
| Com_stmt_execute | 0 |
| Com_stmt_fetch | 0 |
| Com_stmt_prepare | 0 |
| Com_stmt_reprepare | 0 |
| Com_stmt_reset | 0 |
| Com_stmt_send_long_data | 0 |
| Com_stop_all_slaves | 0 |
| Com_stop_slave | 0 |
| Com_truncate | 0 |
| Com_uninstall_plugin | 0 |
| Com_unlock_tables | 0 |
| Com_update | 0 |
| Com_update_multi | 0 |
| Com_xa_commit | 0 |
| Com_xa_end | 0 |
| Com_xa_prepare | 0 |
| Com_xa_recover | 0 |
| Com_xa_rollback | 0 |
| Com_xa_start | 0 |
| Compression | OFF |
| Connection_errors_accept | 0 |
| Connection_errors_internal | 0 |
| Connection_errors_max_connections | 0 |
| Connection_errors_peer_address | 0 |
| Connection_errors_select | 0 |
| Connection_errors_tcpwrap | 0 |
| Connections | 87 |
| Cpu_time | 0.000000 |
| Created_tmp_disk_tables | 6 |
| Created_tmp_files | 5 |
| Created_tmp_tables | 10 |
| Delayed_errors | 0 |
| Delayed_insert_threads | 0 |
| Delayed_writes | 0 |
| Delete_scan | 0 |
| Empty_queries | 0 |
| Executed_events | 0 |
| Executed_triggers | 0 |
| Feature_application_time_periods | 0 |
| Feature_check_constraint | 85 |
| Feature_custom_aggregate_functions | 0 |
| Feature_delay_key_write | 0 |
| Feature_dynamic_columns | 0 |
| Feature_fulltext | 0 |
| Feature_gis | 0 |
| Feature_insert_returning | 0 |
| Feature_invisible_columns | 0 |
| Feature_json | 90 |
| Feature_locale | 0 |
| Feature_subquery | 0 |
| Feature_system_versioning | 0 |
| Feature_timezone | 0 |
| Feature_trigger | 0 |
| Feature_window_functions | 0 |
| Feature_xml | 0 |
| Handler_commit | 0 |
| Handler_delete | 0 |
| Handler_discover | 0 |
| Handler_external_lock | 0 |
| Handler_icp_attempts | 0 |
| Handler_icp_match | 0 |
| Handler_mrr_init | 0 |
| Handler_mrr_key_refills | 0 |
| Handler_mrr_rowid_refills | 0 |
| Handler_prepare | 0 |
| Handler_read_first | 0 |
| Handler_read_key | 0 |
| Handler_read_last | 0 |
| Handler_read_next | 0 |
| Handler_read_prev | 0 |
| Handler_read_retry | 0 |
| Handler_read_rnd | 0 |
| Handler_read_rnd_deleted | 0 |
| Handler_read_rnd_next | 207 |
| Handler_rollback | 0 |
| Handler_savepoint | 0 |
| Handler_savepoint_rollback | 0 |
| Handler_tmp_delete | 0 |
| Handler_tmp_update | 0 |
| Handler_tmp_write | 197 |
| Handler_update | 0 |
| Handler_write | 0 |
| Innodb_adaptive_hash_hash_searches | 0 |
| Innodb_adaptive_hash_non_hash_searches | 27630 |
| Innodb_background_log_sync | 39202 |
| Innodb_buffered_aio_submitted | 1 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_dump_status | |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_load_status | Buffer pool(s) load completed at 200807 8:53:47 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_resize_status | |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_load_incomplete | OFF |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data | 857 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_bytes_data | 14041088 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_dirty | 0 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_bytes_dirty | 0 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_flushed | 2540 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free | 7197 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_made_not_young | 6 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_made_young | 277 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_misc | 0 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_old | 296 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total | 8054 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_lru_flushed | 0 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_rnd | 0 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead | 0 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_evicted | 0 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests | 64404 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_reads | 509 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_wait_free | 0 |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_write_requests | 17824 |
| Innodb_checkpoint_age | 12 |
| Innodb_checkpoint_max_age | 80827823 |
| Innodb_data_fsyncs | 2195 |
| Innodb_data_pending_fsyncs | 0 |
| Innodb_data_pending_reads | 0 |
| Innodb_data_pending_writes | 0 |
| Innodb_data_read | 8339456 |
| Innodb_data_reads | 556 |
| Innodb_data_writes | 4335 |
| Innodb_data_written | 76726272 |
| Innodb_dblwr_pages_written | 2155 |
| Innodb_dblwr_writes | 105 |
| Innodb_deadlocks | 0 |
| Innodb_history_list_length | 5 |
| Innodb_ibuf_discarded_delete_marks | 0 |
| Innodb_ibuf_discarded_deletes | 0 |
| Innodb_ibuf_discarded_inserts | 0 |
| Innodb_ibuf_free_list | 0 |
| Innodb_ibuf_merged_delete_marks | 0 |
| Innodb_ibuf_merged_deletes | 0 |
| Innodb_ibuf_merged_inserts | 0 |
| Innodb_ibuf_merges | 0 |
| Innodb_ibuf_segment_size | 2 |
| Innodb_ibuf_size | 1 |
| Innodb_log_waits | 0 |
| Innodb_log_write_requests | 1742 |
| Innodb_log_writes | 1639 |
| Innodb_lsn_current | 15076710 |
| Innodb_lsn_flushed | 15076710 |
| Innodb_lsn_last_checkpoint | 15076698 |
| Innodb_master_thread_active_loops | 193 |
| Innodb_master_thread_idle_loops | 39012 |
| Innodb_max_trx_id | 15931 |
| Innodb_mem_adaptive_hash | 0 |
| Innodb_mem_dictionary | 947048 |
| Innodb_os_log_fsyncs | 1639 |
| Innodb_os_log_pending_fsyncs | 0 |
| Innodb_os_log_pending_writes | 0 |
| Innodb_os_log_written | 2279424 |
| Innodb_page_size | 16384 |
| Innodb_pages_created | 360 |
| Innodb_pages_read | 509 |
| Innodb_pages_written | 2528 |
| Innodb_row_lock_current_waits | 0 |
| Innodb_row_lock_time | 0 |
| Innodb_row_lock_time_avg | 0 |
| Innodb_row_lock_time_max | 0 |
| Innodb_row_lock_waits | 0 |
| Innodb_rows_deleted | 4 |
| Innodb_rows_inserted | 687 |
| Innodb_rows_read | 7097 |
| Innodb_rows_updated | 46 |
| Innodb_system_rows_deleted | 0 |
| Innodb_system_rows_inserted | 0 |
| Innodb_system_rows_read | 0 |
| Innodb_system_rows_updated | 0 |
| Innodb_num_open_files | 37 |
| Innodb_truncated_status_writes | 0 |
| Innodb_available_undo_logs | 128 |
| Innodb_undo_truncations | 0 |
| Innodb_page_compression_saved | 0 |
| Innodb_num_index_pages_written | 0 |
| Innodb_num_non_index_pages_written | 0 |
| Innodb_num_pages_page_compressed | 0 |
| Innodb_num_page_compressed_trim_op | 0 |
| Innodb_num_pages_page_decompressed | 0 |
| Innodb_num_pages_page_compression_error | 0 |
| Innodb_num_pages_encrypted | 0 |
| Innodb_num_pages_decrypted | 0 |
| Innodb_have_lz4 | ON |
| Innodb_have_lzo | OFF |
| Innodb_have_lzma | OFF |
| Innodb_have_bzip2 | OFF |
| Innodb_have_snappy | OFF |
| Innodb_have_punch_hole | ON |
| Innodb_defragment_compression_failures | 0 |
| Innodb_defragment_failures | 0 |
| Innodb_defragment_count | 0 |
| Innodb_instant_alter_column | 0 |
| Innodb_onlineddl_rowlog_rows | 0 |
| Innodb_onlineddl_rowlog_pct_used | 0 |
| Innodb_onlineddl_pct_progress | 0 |
| Innodb_secondary_index_triggered_cluster_reads | 4065 |
| Innodb_secondary_index_triggered_cluster_reads_avoided | 0 |
| Innodb_encryption_rotation_pages_read_from_cache | 0 |
| Innodb_encryption_rotation_pages_read_from_disk | 0 |
| Innodb_encryption_rotation_pages_modified | 0 |
| Innodb_encryption_rotation_pages_flushed | 0 |
| Innodb_encryption_rotation_estimated_iops | 0 |
| Innodb_encryption_key_rotation_list_length | 0 |
| Innodb_encryption_n_merge_blocks_encrypted | 0 |
| Innodb_encryption_n_merge_blocks_decrypted | 0 |
| Innodb_encryption_n_rowlog_blocks_encrypted | 0 |
| Innodb_encryption_n_rowlog_blocks_decrypted | 0 |
| Innodb_encryption_n_temp_blocks_encrypted | 0 |
| Innodb_encryption_n_temp_blocks_decrypted | 0 |
| Innodb_encryption_num_key_requests | 0 |
| Key_blocks_not_flushed | 0 |
| Key_blocks_unused | 107163 |
| Key_blocks_used | 0 |
| Key_blocks_warm | 0 |
| Key_read_requests | 0 |
| Key_reads | 0 |
| Key_write_requests | 0 |
| Key_writes | 0 |
| Last_query_cost | 2.399000 |
| Master_gtid_wait_count | 0 |
| Master_gtid_wait_time | 0 |
| Master_gtid_wait_timeouts | 0 |
| Max_statement_time_exceeded | 0 |
| Max_used_connections | 5 |
| Memory_used | 72528 |
| Memory_used_initial | 34167904 |
| Not_flushed_delayed_rows | 0 |
| Open_files | 56 |
| Open_streams | 4 |
| Open_table_definitions | 142 |
| Open_tables | 142 |
| Opened_files | 4257 |
| Opened_plugin_libraries | 0 |
| Opened_table_definitions | 0 |
| Opened_tables | 0 |
| Opened_views | 2 |
| Performance_schema_accounts_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_cond_classes_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_cond_instances_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_digest_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_file_classes_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_file_handles_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_file_instances_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_hosts_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_index_stat_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_locker_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_memory_classes_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_metadata_lock_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_mutex_classes_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_mutex_instances_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_nested_statement_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_prepared_statements_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_program_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_rwlock_classes_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_rwlock_instances_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_session_connect_attrs_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_socket_classes_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_socket_instances_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_stage_classes_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_statement_classes_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_table_handles_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_table_instances_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_table_lock_stat_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_thread_classes_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_thread_instances_lost | 0 |
| Performance_schema_users_lost | 0 |
| Prepared_stmt_count | 0 |
| Qcache_free_blocks | 1 |
| Qcache_free_memory | 1031304 |
| Qcache_hits | 0 |
| Qcache_inserts | 0 |
| Qcache_lowmem_prunes | 0 |
| Qcache_not_cached | 0 |
| Qcache_queries_in_cache | 0 |
| Qcache_total_blocks | 1 |
| Queries | 10175 |
| Questions | 48 |
| Rows_read | 0 |
| Rows_sent | 199 |
| Rows_tmp_read | 197 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_get_ack | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_request_ack | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_status | OFF |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_slave_send_ack | 0 |
| Rpl_semi_sync_slave_status | OFF |
| Rpl_status | AUTH_MASTER |
| Rpl_transactions_multi_engine | 0 |
| Select_full_join | 0 |
| Select_full_range_join | 0 |
| Select_range | 0 |
| Select_range_check | 0 |
| Select_scan | 10 |
| Slave_connections | 0 |
| Slave_heartbeat_period | 0.000 |
| Slave_open_temp_tables | 0 |
| Slave_received_heartbeats | 0 |
| Slave_retried_transactions | 0 |
| Slave_running | OFF |
| Slave_skipped_errors | 0 |
| Slaves_connected | 0 |
| Slaves_running | 0 |
| Slow_launch_threads | 0 |
| Slow_queries | 0 |
| Sort_merge_passes | 0 |
| Sort_priority_queue_sorts | 0 |
| Sort_range | 0 |
| Sort_rows | 0 |
| Sort_scan | 0 |
| Ssl_accept_renegotiates | 0 |
| Ssl_accepts | 0 |
| Ssl_callback_cache_hits | 0 |
| Ssl_cipher | |
| Ssl_cipher_list | |
| Ssl_client_connects | 0 |
| Ssl_connect_renegotiates | 0 |
| Ssl_ctx_verify_depth | 0 |
| Ssl_ctx_verify_mode | 0 |
| Ssl_default_timeout | 0 |
| Ssl_finished_accepts | 0 |
| Ssl_finished_connects | 0 |
| Ssl_server_not_after | |
| Ssl_server_not_before | |
| Ssl_session_cache_hits | 0 |
| Ssl_session_cache_misses | 0 |
| Ssl_session_cache_mode | NONE |
| Ssl_session_cache_overflows | 0 |
| Ssl_session_cache_size | 0 |
| Ssl_session_cache_timeouts | 0 |
| Ssl_sessions_reused | 0 |
| Ssl_used_session_cache_entries | 0 |
| Ssl_verify_depth | 0 |
| Ssl_verify_mode | 0 |
| Ssl_version | |
| Subquery_cache_hit | 0 |
| Subquery_cache_miss | 0 |
| Syncs | 145 |
| Table_locks_immediate | 372 |
| Table_locks_waited | 0 |
| Table_open_cache_active_instances | 1 |
| Table_open_cache_hits | 37 |
| Table_open_cache_misses | 2 |
| Table_open_cache_overflows | 0 |
| Tc_log_max_pages_used | 0 |
| Tc_log_page_size | 0 |
| Tc_log_page_waits | 0 |
| Threadpool_idle_threads | 0 |
| Threadpool_threads | 0 |
| Threads_cached | 0 |
| Threads_connected | 3 |
| Threads_created | 15 |
| Threads_running | 1 |
| Transactions_gtid_foreign_engine | 0 |
| Transactions_multi_engine | 0 |
| Update_scan | 0 |
| Uptime | 88125 |
| Uptime_since_flush_status | 88125 |
| wsrep | 228475353144 |
| wsrep_applier_thread_count | 0 |
| wsrep_cluster_capabilities | |
| wsrep_cluster_conf_id | 18446744073709551615 |
| wsrep_cluster_size | 0 |
| wsrep_cluster_state_uuid | |
| wsrep_cluster_status | Disconnected |
| wsrep_connected | OFF |
| wsrep_local_bf_aborts | 0 |
| wsrep_local_index | 18446744073709551615 |
| wsrep_provider_capabilities | |
| wsrep_provider_name | |
| wsrep_provider_vendor | |
| wsrep_provider_version | |
| wsrep_ready | OFF |
| wsrep_rollbacker_thread_count | 0 |
| wsrep_thread_count | 0 |
+--------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
|
备份
Mysql备份类型
按照备份时对数据库的影响分为
- Hot backup（热备）：也叫在线备份。指在数据库运行中直接备份，对正在运行的数据库没有任何影响。
- Cold backup（冷备）：也叫离线备份。指在数据库停止的情况下备份。
- Warm backup（温备）：在数据库运行时备份，会加一个全局锁以保证数据的一致性，会对当前数据库的操作有影响。
按照备份后的文件内容分为
- 逻辑备份：指备份后的文件内容是可读的，通常为文本文件，内容一般是SQL语句或表内的实际数据（mysqldump和select * into outfile），一般适用于数据库的升级和迁移，还原时间较长。适用于中小型数据库，效率相对较低。
- 裸文件备份：也叫物理备份。拷贝数据库的物理文件，数据库既可以处于运行状态（mysqlhotcopy、ibbackup、xtrabackup一类工具），也可以处于停止状态，还原时间较短。，适用于大型数据库环境，但不能恢复到异构环境中，如windows。
- 导出表：直接将表导入到文本文件中。
按照备份数据库的内容分为
- 完全备份：对数据库进行完整的备份。
- 增量备份：在上一次完整备份的基础上，对更新的数据进行备份（xtrabackup）
- 日志备份：二进制日志备份，主从同步。
工具：
- mysqldump, 是逻辑备份工具，支持MyISAM和InnoDB引擎。数据库运行时，MyISAM，Aria引擎只支持温备，InnoDB支持热备和温备。单线程备份恢复较慢。
- Xtrabackup(innobackupex工具)， 备份mysql大数据； InnoDB支持，增量备份；MyISAM温备，不支持增量。属于物理备份，速度快；
- lvm-snapshot, 先请求全局锁，再创建快照，后释放全局锁;备份和恢复速度快。
- 可以使用MySQL的 BACKUP TABLE 或 SELECT INTO OUTFILE 转储所
有数据到某个外部文件。这两条语句都接受将要创建的系统文件
名,此系统文件必须不存在,否则会出错。数据可以用 RESTORE
TABLE 来复原。
示例
备份数据库
1
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/usr/bin/mysqldump --routines -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -ppassword --add-drop-table --disable-keys --extended-insert --single-transaction database_name > database_name_date.sql
|
恢复备份
1
|
mysql -uroot -ppassword -Ddatabase_name < database_name_date.sql
|
备份包含 blob 类型字段的表
需要添加 –hex-blob 参数
1
|
mysqldump --no-defaults --hex-blob -h127.0.0.1 -R -uroot -p --databases test_db --table test_table > test_table_backup.sql
|
备份恢复
1
|
sudo mysql -u root -p --database=test_db < test_table_backup.sql
|
概念术语表
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2
3
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9
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SQL (Structured Query Language) 结构化查询语言:
database 数据库
DBMS 数据库管理系统
table 表： 某种特定类型数据的结构化清单。
schema 模式： 关于数据库和表的布局及特性信息。
column 列：
datatype 数据类型：
row 行/record 记录：
primary key 主键：一列(或一组列),其值能够唯一区分表中每个行。
|
- 不更新主键列中的值;
- 不重用主键列的值;
- 不在主键列中使用可能会更改的值。